Beowulf13 Essay Example For Students

Beowulf13 Essay The Anglo-Saxon Culture as Illustrated in BeowulfBeowulf is an epic sonnet, which happens in old Denmark and Geatland and portrays the experiences of Beowulf, a Geat legend. Through their saints, epic sonnets as a rule portray the conventions and convictions of a specific culture. An Anglo-Saxon creator composed Beowulf about the Danes and Geats. The Anglo-Saxons had comparable convictions to that of the Dane and Geats, so the sonnet gives us some thought of what the Anglo-Saxon culture resembled. All through Beowulf, it is represented that ladies were believed to be practically valueless; that Anglo-Saxons had faith in agnosticism, and that there was incredible accentuation on resources and weaponry. The Anglo-Saxon culture didn't esteem ladies profoundly. Ladies were not perceived for the deeds they did. The Danish Beowulfs own mom was not perceived as far as it matters for her in his introduction to the world. His dad Ecgtheow was given all the kudos for Beowulfs birth: And he gav e them more than his gloryconceived a child for the Danes, another pioneer. (Beowulf, 1057). Rulers for the most part would part with their little girls turn in union with an absolute outsider for a harmony settlement with another country. The little girl had nothing to do with what was finished with her, as Healfdenes little girl who was offered away to Onela the Swedish lord. In all parts of life, ladies were not viewed as truly important and were treated as articles as opposed to individuals. Hrothgar recollects Beowulf upon his appearance: His dad was called Ecgtheow: Hrethel of the Geats gave him his lone little girl for his home. Presently has his barely posterity come here, looked for a quick friend.(1067). The little girls were normally compelled to wed somebody they didn't know instead of having the option to wed somebody they cherished. A lady was viewed as property, the possession relying on whether she was hitched or not. At the point when hitched, she is her spouses, wh en unmarried, she is her dads property. A man could beat his better half on the off chance that she ignored him, and infidelity by men was seldom rebuffed, though ladies were disrespected and requested a similar offense. Turning, weaving, and cooking were aptitudes controlled by about the entirety of the ladies in the Anglo-Saxon period. Their principle reason for existing was considered to tolerate kids, feed, dress their families, and to be a master for guests. Ladies were not viewed as equivalent to men, particularly in the part of battling. In the wake of Grendels moms assault, the annihilation isn't considered as compelling because of the way that the aggressor was a lady: The assault was less horrendous by just to such an extent similar to the quality of women,(1079). The Anglo-Saxons were agnostics, individuals who are not Christians. This is a characteristic that was appeared all through the sonnet. The warriors had the demeanor that destiny would choose their predetermination. Beowulf surrenders it over to destiny as he plans for the battle with Grendel: Fate consistently goes as it must! (1068). The individuals accepted that Wyrd, the divine force of Fate, chose their future. The warriors demonstrated an exceptionally fatalistic demeanor. Beowulf demonstrates this moment that he advises Hrothgar not to grieve his companion Eshers death:Sorrow not, savvy warrior. It is better for a man to vindicate his companion than much mournLet him who may get brilliance before death: that is best for the warrior after he has gone from life. (1081). Beowulf accepts that what happens is intended to occur and life will go on. The Anglo-Saxons believed that destiny chose the result of their fights. At the point when Beowulf chooses to battle the mythical beast, destiny isn't his ally: His psyche was melancholy, fretful and ready for death: close was the destiny which should go to the elderly person, look for his spirits crowd, isolate life from his body, not long for him was the life of the respectable one injury in his substance. (1094). Beowulf delineates the perspectives on these individuals, and how their battling was influenced by their pre-Christian convictions. Weapons and fortunes were essential to the Anglo-Saxon individuals. These assets represented all the battling a warrior had done so as to get them. The more great deeds a warrior had done, the more weapons and fortunes he had. Unferth presents Beowulf with an extraordinary blade named Hrunting as Beowulf

American Revolution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Revolution - Research Paper Example The fights to these laws were started by a gathering considering itself the children of freedom, who in their offer to show their interests illegal, invaded a boat in the Boston harbor, obliterating 342 chests of tea in the year 1773 (McCullough, 27). In light of these fights, the British Empire forced a progression of correctional laws, alluded to as the heinous demonstrations in 1774. In 1774, the American nationalists smothered all followers, and assumed responsibility for every settlement, building up new government. The British Empire reacted by sending troops for motivations behind setting up regal control in the year 1775 (McCullough, 26).â The war finished in 1783 with the acquiescence of Britain, causing the pilgrims to build up the central administration of United States, with every one of the 13 districts having a senator, and a parliament.â â â â â â â â â â â Â During, and after the war, one of the most significant and eminent figures was Benjamin Franklin . Benjamin Franklin is viewed as one of the originators of America, having assumed an extraordinary job persuading the 13 states of America to remain joined together (Prelinger, 5).â Benjamin Franklin is additionally credited just like the main individual among the authors of America to sign the three archives that liberated the American settlements from the pioneer rule. These reports are the Treaty of Paris, the American Constitution, and the Declaration of Independence (Prelinger, 9). Understand that the job of Benjamin Franklin in helping Thomas Jefferson to concoct a proper archive.

End of term

End of term While the period known as End of term certainly brings finals anxiety, it also brings many events and traditions celebrating the conclusion of a great semester. Youve probably already heard about many of these, including the last 3.091 lecture (described here by Kevin), all of the festivities that Mitra did, and the MIT celebrity-served midnight breakfast, starring President Susan Hockfield and Dean of Admissions Marilee Jones. For me, I was happy to partake in the Lab for Chocolate Sciences finals hot cocoa (very yummy) and our annual Admissions holiday luncheon. At the Admissions holiday luncheon, we had a traditional New England Yankee swap, a funky gift swap (described here) that sounds more like a 6.001 recursion problem (maybe Scheme is why my entries always have so many parentheses). I brought a nice mug I bought at the cool Korean market just north of campus, and ended up with some great wine glasses at the end. Nice! Another office at MIT morally opposed having a Yankee swap, so they had a Red Sox Swap instead, swapping socks (of all colors) you cant make this stuff up. Now, just as many of you are getting to take a vacation, so will I. My wonderful parents are coming up to visit this weekend, and well get to do a whole bunch of fun Boston things. Then, Ill head home for holidays with the family, and New Years Eve with old MIT friends in DC. Should be quite nice. Ill be blogging a bit less during this period, but hope to check in periodically since there are some questions Id like to address and of course theres lots to say leading up to the regular action deadline on January 1 (hello, regular action and international applicants! Well be talking more soon!). Ill be back in the office for the first week of MITs famed Independent Activities Period (IAP). Happy holidays, everyone! =)

Who Invented the Seismograph

In the history of the innovations surrounding earthquake study, we have to look at two things: the devices that recorded earthquake activity and the measurement systems written to help interpret that data. For example, the Richter Scale is not a physical device, it is a mathematical formula. Definition of Intensity and Magnitude Scales Magnitude measures the energy released at the source of the earthquake. The magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the logarithm of the amplitude of waves recorded on a seismogram at a certain period. Intensity  measures the strength of shaking produced by the earthquake at a certain location. Intensity is determined by effects on people, human structures, and the natural environment. Intensity does not have a mathematical basis; determining intensity is based on observed effects. The first reported use of any measurement of earthquake intensity has been attributed to the Italian Schiantarelli, who recorded the intensity of the 1783 earthquake that occurred in Calabrian, Italy. Rossi-Forel Scale The credit for the first modern intensity scales goes jointly to Michele de Rossi of Italy (1874) and Francois Forel of Switzerland (1881), who both independently published similar intensity scales. Rossi and Forel later collaborated and produced the Rossi-Forel Scale in 1883. The Rossi-Forel Scale used ten degrees of intensity and became the first scale to be widely used internationally. In 1902, Italian volcanologist Giuseppe Mercalli created a twelve-degree scale of intensity. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale Although numerous intensity scales have been developed over the last several hundred years to evaluate the effects of earthquakes, the one currently used in the United States is the Modified Mercalli (MM) Intensity Scale. It was developed in 1931 by the American seismologists Harry Wood and Frank Neumann. This scale, composed of 12 increasing levels of intensity that range from imperceptible shaking to catastrophic destruction, is designated by Roman numerals. It does not have a mathematical basis; instead, it is an arbitrary ranking based on observed effects. Richter Magnitude Scale The Richter Magnitude Scale was developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology. On the Richter Scale, magnitude is expressed in whole numbers and decimal fractions. For example, a magnitude 5.3 might be computed for a moderate earthquake, and a strong earthquake might be rated as magnitude 6.3. Because of the logarithmic basis of the scale, each whole number increase in magnitude represents a tenfold increase in measured amplitude; as an estimate of energy, each whole number step in the magnitude scale corresponds to the release of about 31 times more energy than the amount associated with the preceding whole number value. At first, the Richter Scale could be applied only to the records from instruments of identical manufacture. Now, instruments are carefully calibrated with respect to each other. Thus, magnitude can be computed from the record of any calibrated seismograph. Definition of a Seismograph Seismic waves are the vibrations from earthquakes that travel through the Earth; they are recorded on instruments called seismographs. Seismographs record a zigzag trace that shows the varying amplitude of ground oscillations beneath the instrument. Sensitive seismographs, which greatly magnify these ground motions, can detect strong earthquakes from sources anywhere in the world. The time, location and magnitude of an earthquake can be determined from the data recorded by seismograph stations. The sensor part of a seismograph is referred to as the seismometer, the graphing capability was added as a later invention. Chang Hengs Dragon Jar Around 132 AD, Chinese scientist Chang Heng invented the first seismoscope, an instrument that could register the occurrence of an earthquake. Hengs invention was called the dragon jar. The dragon jar was a cylindrical jar with eight dragonheads arranged around its brim; each dragon had a ball in its mouth. Around the foot of the jar were eight frogs, each directly under a dragonhead. When an earthquake happened a ball dropped from a dragons mouth and was caught by the frogs mouth. Water Mercury Seismometers A few centuries later, devices using water movement and later mercury were developed in Italy. In 1855, Luigi Palmieri of Italy designed a mercury seismometer. Palmieris seismometer had U-shaped tubes filled with mercury and arranged along the compass points. When an earthquake happened, the mercury would move and make electrical contact that stopped a clock and started a recording drum on which the motion of a float on the surface of mercury was recorded. This was the first device that recorded the time of the earthquake and the intensity and duration of any movement. Modern Seismographs John Milne was the English seismologist and geologist who invented the first modern seismograph and promoted the building of seismological stations. In 1880, Sir James Alfred Ewing, Thomas Gray and John Milne, all British scientists working in Japan, began to study earthquakes. They founded the Seismological Society of Japan and the society funded the invention of seismographs. Milne invented the horizontal pendulum seismograph in 1880. The horizontal pendulum seismograph was improved after World War II with the Press-Ewing seismograph, developed in the United States for recording long-period waves. It is widely used throughout the world today. The Press-Ewing seismograph uses a Milne pendulum, but the pivot supporting the pendulum is replaced by an elastic wire to avoid friction.

Essay about THE BLACK DEATH - 660 Words

The Bubonic Plague, more commonly referred to as the quot;Black Death,quot; ravaged Europe between the years 1347 and 1350. During this short period, 25 million people, one third of Europes population at the time, were killed. Thousands of people died each week and dead bodies littered the streets. Once a family member had contracted the disease, the entire household was doomed to die. Parents abandoned their children, and parent-less children roamed the streets in search for food. Victims, delirious with pain, often lost their sanity. Life was in total chaos. The Plague was a disaster without a parallel, causing dramatic changes in medieval Europe. Coming out of the East, the Black Death reached the shores of Italy in the spring of†¦show more content†¦As their rodent hosts died out, the fleas migrated to the bodies of humans and infected them in the same fashion as they had the rats, and so the plague spread In the text, there were several ideas on how the Black Death actually developed. The first document, written by Ibn Khaldun, described the plague in the best detail. The most common belief was that God had sent the plague and that it was his punishment for the sins humankind had committed. Even innocent people, such as infants, had to suffer for the horrible crimes of others. The church was quick to condemn gambling, excessive drinking, the immodesty of women and the laziness of peasants. Guilt lay upon every mans heart. Therefore it was only natural that the first measures taken against the plague were the confession of all sins and prayer for forgiveness. Learned men and women, who did not believe that the plague was sent by god or superstitions, attempted to come up with a more logical explanation. Some thought that a â€Å"mysterious poisonous cloud† gradually moving across Europe brought the plague. Finally, the most extreme explanation involved the changing of seasons an d the conjunctions of the planets. The weather had been affected by the altered seasons, which was in connection to the conjunction of Mars and Jupiter. The hot and wet planet of Jupiter, when combined with the anger of Mars, created pestilent vapors. The wind on Earth thenShow MoreRelatedThe Black Of Black Death939 Words   |  4 Pageshistory few events seem as cataclysmic as the Black Death. The Black Death was actually one of the most deadly pandemics in human history. This awful pandemics most devastating time in Europe was between 1348 and 1350. According to some estimates it wiped out at least two-thirds of Europe’s population. A Malmesbury monk from Wiltshire wrote that, â€Å"Over England as a whole a fifth og men, women and children were carried to the grave.† (James â€Å"Black Death: The lasting impact†) Many epidemiologists stillRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Death, one of the greatest natural disaster to hit Europe thus causing the death of many people in the most horrific manner and cause the end of feudalism. This was a disaster that affected one third of the European continent and also one that no one was prepared to face. It killed more people than during a war and it impacted simple lives of people, their culture, religion and the economy as a whole. The origin of The Black Death has several explanations. Some people said The Black DeathRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death905 Words   |  4 Pagesgrew were dying. On the wake of these seven distressing years of weather and famine was the greatest plague of all times, The Black Death. In 1347 AD, The Black Death began spreading throughout Western Europe. Over the time span of three years, the widespread epidemic killed one third of the population in Europe with pretty near twenty five million people dead. The Black Death killed many more Europeans than any other endemic or war up to that time, vastly impacting the Church, the people, and the economyRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death1380 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death was a very important time in history and, while devastating, it led to many advances in medicine due to the mass spread of a new deadly disease. The 14th Century encompassed the time period of January 1, 1301 to December 31, 1400. When this disease struc k, Ole J. Benedictow calculates that it killed about 50 million people in Europe alone, which was about 60% of Europe’s population at the time. That being said, the Black Death, often referred to as the Bubonic Plague, clocked inRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death2017 Words   |  9 PagesThe Black Death The pandemic known to history as the Black Death was one of the world’s worst natural disasters in history. It was a critical time for many as the plague hit Europe and â€Å"devastated the Western world from 1347 to 1351, killing 25%-50% of Europe’s population and causing or accelerating marked political, economic, social, and cultural changes.† The plague made an unforgettable impact on the history of the West. It is believed to have originated somewhere in the steppes of central AsiaRead MoreThe Black Death1386 Words   |  6 Pagesatrocious and it made the perfect place for Yersinia Pestis to thrive. Yersinia Pestis is the virus responsible for the Black Death, a deadly disease that rapidly powered through Europe, killing nearly all of the people in its way. The Black Death had a lot of gruesome and terrifying symptoms that made bystanders sick just watching. Certain people were more likely to acquire the Black Death than others. Since peasants had worse l iving conditions than the nobility, they were far more likely to catch theRead MoreThe Black Death1386 Words   |  6 Pagesatrocious and it made the perfect place for Yersinia Pestis to thrive. Yersinia Pestis is the virus responsible for the Black Death, a deadly disease that rapidly powered through Europe, killing nearly all of the people in its way. The Black Death had a lot of gruesome and terrifying symptoms that made bystanders sick just watching. Certain people were more likely to acquire the Black Death than others. Since peasants had worse living conditions than the nobility, they were far more likely to catch theRead MoreThe Black Death1349 Words   |  6 Pagesatrocious and it made the perfect place for Yersinia Pestis to thrive. Yersinia Pestis is the virus responsible for the Black Death, a deadly disease that rapidly powered through Europe, killing nearly all of the people in its way. The Black Death had a lot of gruesome and scary symptoms that made bystanders sick just watching. Certain people were more likely to acquire the Black Death than others. Since peasants had worse living conditions than the nobility, they were far more likely to catch the PlagueRead MoreThe Black Death831 Words   |  4 PagesTHE BLACK DEATH! What Is The Black Death? The Black Death is a disease that went on for over 5 years. It also spread around a wide range of places! It killled and harmed thousands upon thousands of people and had no mercy. If you were to sadly catch the Black Death, you would DEFINITELY die and there was many cures and causes however none of the causes actually worked also all of causes were thought to be a punishment from God. Once you knew you had the Black DeathRead MoreThe Black Death1203 Words   |  5 PagesWhat were the short term and long term impacts of the Black Death on Medieval society? The Black Death is one of the most fatal diseases in human history and took its peak in Europe from 1348 to 1350. Half of Europe’s population was wiped out due to this disease and the short and long term impacts greatly affected the structure of Medieval Society. The Black Death or otherwise known as the plague was thought to have begun in Central Asia, which spread down the Silk Road and eventually to Europe

Implications of the Internet †moral, social and commercial disadvantages of the Internet Free Essays

string(218) " native speakers of Chinese, Spanish or Hindi, it is English that they use to communicate across cultures, and it is English they teach their children to help them become citizens of an increasingly intertwined world\." Pornography – although pornography itself dates back hundreds of decades, the mass media availability of pornography is rather modern; however, Internet pornography evokes various problems. Online pornography is so popular partly due to the level of anonymity it offers as certain individuals can use this privacy to hide their dubious activities. For example: * A married man could be unsatisfied with his sex life, however rather than tell his wife, he can anonymously achieve sexual gratification without his wife discovering his dissatisfaction through pornography via the Internet. We will write a custom essay sample on Implications of the Internet – moral, social and commercial disadvantages of the Internet or any similar topic only for you Order Now * Alternatively, online pornography can be a teaching tool to the likes of teenagers who do not have the confidence to ask others about sex – nonetheless as the vast majority of pornography is edited in ridiculous ways, e.g. making certain assets bigger, this can be more hindering than helpful * However, the biggest problem with anonymity is PAEDOPHILES! Disgusting individuals can use technology and the Internet to conceal their illegal activities and therefore massive child pornography rings exist – nevertheless it is incredibly hard to prevent such actions as no one really owns the Internet, as it is an international free network, so centralised control cannot be implemented to censor such filth The Internet also offers an astonishing amount of various explicit materials for very cheap costs and psychologists believe that the concept of ‘too much of a good thing’ leads to a serious addiction to online pornography. Potentially, this addiction can cause problems in other aspects of life e.g. careers, family relations, friendships and issues with ones self-esteem. Read also Twitter Case Study Of course, when morally speaking there are the typical issues concerning pornography that it is exploitative in nature. Many argue that pornography teaches people to view others as objects of lust rather than someone with feelings and unique personality traits. Consequently the threat of harming the way in which we view others increases as the Internet has made pornography much easier to consume in large quantities. Alternatively, many view the claim that pornography makes people view others as ‘sex objects’ slander, saying that very few are actually affected in this way and in fact most consumers are well-adjusted individuals. For example, they assert that an increase in high levels of online pornography has not increased any country’s rape or domestic violence levels. Another issue to discuss is that thousands of people below the legal age are able to access pornography on the Internet. Contrast to stores where you can prove your age, online you simple ‘agree’ you are above the legal (18 in most countries) and so many youngsters are viewing explicit material illegally, which in some ways, if rather graphic and serious alter ones outlook. [1] Chat rooms – it is indisputable that chat rooms have revolutionized social communication way before social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter. People across the globe can escape the burdening aspects of life’s reality to hang out online typing away to online friends, participating in random theme-based discussions. However, the widespread use of the chat rooms has brought a certain level of threats and dangers to users. Read also Recording General Fund Operating Budget and Operating Transactions * Online Threats / Illegal Activities – Cyber criminals, drug dealers and other unsocial individuals lurk in chat rooms to lure in unsuspecting victims, as well as the willing, to participate in various illegal activities. Once done so, participants are left vulnerable to police enquires and could even be arrested for their crimes. * Example: An advance-fee fraud such as the Nigerian Letter, also known as 419 fraud, is a type of scam where victims are convinced that someone is stranded in a country – Nigeria – and that they cannot get their passport back until certain bills are paid. Therefore, vulnerable people are targeted, in some cases through chat rooms, and are then contacted via email to ask for help. A 2006 BBC article stated that at the time this â€Å"style of incidents alone cost the UK economy à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½150m a year – with the average victim losing à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½31,000†. * Paedophile Predators – The greatest threat of chat rooms in my opinion is the presence of paedophiles, online stalkers and other repulsive predators constantly looking for ways to exploit the vulnerabilities of pre-teens and young teens. * Example: Recently in Australia, (June 2011) an alleged US predator Stephen Vosilla was arrested for â€Å"going into video chat rooms and talking to minors and convincing them to take their clothes off or do sexual acts and he was recording and taking screen captures of what they were doing.† (As said by Morristown Detective Michael O’Keefe) * Harmful Addiction – Addiction to chat rooms can cause users to spend hours on different forum at the cost of other life activities. Human behavioural scientists and clinical psychologists have even considered chat room addiction to be almost as damaging as alcohol or drug addiction on the human psyche and health. * Hacking Threats – Too much time spent on chat rooms can also lead to the possibility of your computer being hacked by the universal threats of semi-automatic spyware, adware and various human-related viruses, or even receiving spam emails via your chat room accounts * Social Disengagement – Spending hours online in chat rooms can ruin your interaction with people in the real world. Becoming too familiar with online-only friends can leave you detached from outside relationships and make you incredibly social awkward. Therefore, not only personal hindering your life, but this can make getting and holding down a job very difficult. Social Dominance of the English Language Some argue that the exponential growth of the Internet has caused considerable damage to language: * Firstly, language usage and written proficiency is gradually deteriorating with online ‘slang’ ruining the need for correct spelling and good grammar. * Secondly, the Internet threatens national borders through the apparent foreign influence and hegemony. * Thirdly, the Internet threatens to oppress the language of linguistic minorities and the linguistic identity of minor communities and nations. Although across the globe there are more native speakers of Chinese, Spanish or Hindi, it is English that they use to communicate across cultures, and it is English they teach their children to help them become citizens of an increasingly intertwined world. You read "Implications of the Internet – moral, social and commercial disadvantages of the Internet" in category "Papers" Ultimately, it could be argued that English is the ‘lingua franca’ on the Internet (and in the world). Although one widely quoted figure stated that 80% of online content is in English, other sources argue showing figures 5 to 15% lower. However, it is evident that well over 50% of the Internet’s information is in the English Language; hence overall English does dominate the Internets data. Historically the English dominance on the Internet is understandable as the Internet was basically developed in America, therefore naturally the Internet predominantly spread in the other English-speaking countries of the world. Nevertheless, many have bitter views of the Internet due to the English language: * The director of a Russia Internet service provider has at one point referred to the Internet as â€Å"the ultimate act of intellectual colonialism.† * Former French President Jacques Chirac was far more apocalyptic stating that the prevalence of English on the Internet is a â€Å"major risk for humanity,† which threatens to impose linguistic and cultural uniformity on the world – and as a result the French government inflicted a mandate that all Web sites in France must provide their content in French. Alternatively, there are some positive aspects of the Internet when concerning language. People in foreign countries can now access online versions of nearly any resource, so if French speakers in non-Francophone regions wish to read the French newspaper they can do so thanks to the Internet. People unable to speak English are provided with search engines in their own language, in 2008 Google owned around 800 domains, here’s just a few: * www.google.com (USA) * www.google.co.uk (UK) * www.google.com.af/ (Afghanistan) * www.google.cn/ (China) * http://www.google.com.ng/ (Nigeria) Whatever country you are in Google will provide the best results in your spoken language; therefore even if you cannot speak English, you can still search the Internet. More importantly, online users can now get remote access to government information, educational materials, scientific journals, and, ultimately, the digitized collections of the major national libraries in an array of languages, enhancing learning capabilities. Of course the Internet cannot prevent the global dominance of the English language but it does provide the opportunities to communicate with other members of geographically dispersed communities. Today more than 100 different languages are used in discussion groups, including not just the major national languages but Catalan, Gaelic, Navaho and Welsh, among so many others. People now have the opportunity to speak in their native tongue with others all other the world who before could only talk in Welsh or Yiddish with older relatives. Therefore, despite the indisputable dominance of the English language the Internet provides so many opportunities for other language speakers. Web Addiction Due to the constant use of the Internet in today’s society, such as using emails relentless at work or video conferencing with business partners or teenagers spending ridiculous amounts of time online for social networking, the possibility of becoming an addict is highly likely. There have been several cases of people being addicted to the Internet features such as chat rooms, or to certain websites, such as eBay. Like any addiction, Internet addiction must be taken very seriously as resulting financial and social problems can sincerely destroy people. Case Study: China In China Internet addiction is treated as a mental illness and sufferers are sent to military-style training camps where severe discipline ensues in order to rehabilitate. It was been estimated that up to 10% of China’s millions of web users could actually be addicts and as a result the Chinese government shut down almost 2,000 Internet cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s in 2001 because of the concerns over the influence of the countries teenagers. As of yet there is no proven way to treat the addiction, however in July 2009 China’s Ministry of Health formally banned the use of electroshock therapy. An incident concerning one of the Internet addiction training camps happened in august 2009 at Qihang Salvation in China. A 15-year-old boy called Deng Senshan was sent by his father to receive ‘treatment’, nonetheless, within less than 24 hours of being their Deng was out in solitary confinement and horrendously beaten. Deng was later found vomiting and was then taken to a clinic however, having received such brutal injuries (marks were found on his body), Deng unfortunately died. Of course this is an extreme case, but the fact that China has taken such extreme measures emphasises how serious the increase of Internet addiction is becoming. Society will not be able to function properly if our people are addicted to the web and therefore, this serious problem of a need to be online must be stopped before other countries start following China’s inhumane methods. Commercial – The concerns with e-Commerce The past decade has shown a revolutionary increase in business transactions online, however despite e-commerce modernizing the world of business, the developments have also brought along an array of problems. * Privacy and Security issues: Privacy of personal information is a highly significant issue for consumers. Each legal jurisdiction has varying laws when concerning consumer privacy, and as a result there are different levels of enforcement. The vast majority of consumers wish to avoid spam and telemarketing that comes with supplying contact information to an online merchant and therefore many merchants promise to not share consumer details for these purposes, or they provide options to ‘pot-out’ of such contacts. Many websites, like Amazon.com, track consumer purchases in order to suggest other items or websites for the customers to view. Although this can be a useful service, however, if this was done across companies this could be viewed as an infringement of privacy. The biggest security risk with shopping online is someone obtaining your credit / debit card details and then running up huge bills, spending your money. Although today secure payment methods are many and varied, there are still risks of hackers and malicious software’s obtaining such information. Online merchants need to have high security as hackers many try to illegal breach the software to obtain all the personal details of consumers to not only use their credit cards but also open up new accounts in their names. The old clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½: ‘If something sounds too good to be true, it usually is’ becomes highly relevant with credit card fraud. Ridiculous bargains and suspicious looking sites should be treated with vast caution, as these could be a front for stealing credit card details. * Products: Misinterpretation and misunderstanding of items bought online is a common problem nowadays, hence a problem with online shopping is that you are unable to physically see and touch the item before purchase: for instance, Items can be of poor quality or items may differ significantly from the description given or clothes cannot be tried on or tested. * Delivery and Returns: Waiting for you items to arrive can be in some cases frustrating. Once your order has been placed, you have to wait for ‘processing’ and finally when it is ‘dispatched’ you have to wait for the courier or postman to delivery it. By the time you actually received your item the ‘thrill’ of shopping is practically gone. Furthermore, there are risks of the item never arriving as it can get lost or stolen, or the couriers could damage your package. Both resulting in a series of extensive phone calls to resolve the problems. Moreover, although some sites may offer free shipping, many only offer free delivery if your spent over a certain amount, meaning buying ‘cheap’ items is pointless as you end up paying more. Buying items that you need immediately is a problem, unless you pay extra costs for ‘next day delivery’, which can be substantially high. Additionally, if you decide to return your item, this requires even more phone calls or emailing and you could also be charged for the shipping back costs. Diminishing physical stores – better deals online Another significant problem when concerning commerce is the Internet has diminished the value of certain ‘brick and mortar’ stores, and combined with the current economic climate, has resulted in numerous chain stores having to shut down, such as Woolworths, Jane Norman and TJ Hughes. In October 2010, over 89% of people had reported that they shopped online and Verdict Research experts estimate that by 2014 online shopping spending will grow by à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½14 billion (61%) – in 2008 people already spent à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½14.7bn online. [18] The increase use of online stores like Amazon, which allows individuals to find goods at the lowest price, means people are benefiting from the so-called â€Å"flight to value†. In todays economic climate average people can no longer afford to go out on a massive shopping spree and instead stay at home surfing online for a bargain. However, another factor of the Internet that diminished the value of stores like HMV is the ability to illegal download music, movies and TV shows. People can no longer afford to buy their favourite songs or films and therefore resort to illegal download them from various websites via the likes of torrents. Hence, HMV is now going through tough times, being very close to closure, if it weren’t for a Russian investor. How to cite Implications of the Internet – moral, social and commercial disadvantages of the Internet, Papers

The Growth of Daoism in During Late Qing Dynasty

A number of factors are attributed to the growth of Daoism in during late Qing dynasty to the early republican era. One of the factors that contributed to the growth of Daoism was institutional renewal, the emergence of writings, and the spread of Chinese culture across the region. As the Chinese culture spread to other parts of the world, Daoist ideas, skills, and influences were spread through books and scriptures.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The Growth of Daoism in During Late Qing Dynasty specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other people noticed that Daoism was a productive religion that contained valuable teachings to the youth and the family1. A number of cultures developed interest in Daoism. Through the leadership of charismatic leaders, such as Wang Changzhue, Daoism gained a wide acceptance among the locals even beyond China. The religion was adopted by the Qing dynasty as an official state religi on2. In some provinces, such as Gansu and Yunnan under Ming, Daoism controlled political, artistic and spiritual aspects of society. The advocates of Daoism worked closely with local communities to expand its influence. Scholars subscribing to the cultural beliefs of Daoism produced various pieces of writings, which were very influential to the lives of the majority in society. Daoism became popular to an extent that people internalized its teachings and became part of their cultural beliefs. Local scholars could easily express their ideas regarding Daoism in their literal woks, plays, and games3. It is therefore concluded that Daoism was able to develop during the late Qing dynasty to the early republican era through the works of art and writings of various scholars. Local leadership was in support of the religion hence it could not fade out easily. In other parts of the country, it was made a state religion meaning that everybody was supposed to be a member4. Some famous reformers such as Zheng supported Daoism because they questioned the credibility of scientific knowledge, as suggested by the western powers. Modern scientists were simply concerned with mechanical determinism whereby cultural beliefs were not considered. Scientific research results to modernity meaning that life is determine by the mode of production. This alienates the human soul and spirit. Machines and technologies are even valued more than the human soul since they are able to produce wealth. To such reformers, the human soul is the most important because it cannot be accessed scientifically. In this regard, these reformers suggested that scientific knowledge have some limits5.Advertising Looking for book review on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ethical, spiritual insight, astuteness and other forms of what the reformers referred to as metaphysics or life stance are exclusively independent system of knowledge, which is sel f-sufficient. This form of familiarity is pure because it was acquired through instinct and other non-scientific means6. The tragic events of the Great War confirmed that western discoveries are very dangerous. Many people resorted to traditional discoveries that were mostly based on Daoism because they were safe. The emergence of capitalism was attributed to scientific discoveries whereby people engaged in production of goods and services without caring about the welfare of the poor in society. Many people confirmed that science was simply concerned with material accumulation, but not promoting the welfare of the majority on society. Science was highly disputed since it could not serve as the basis for ethical or religious knowledge. The Chinese could not rely on the western culture for civilization since it was inconsistent with the local beliefs. Bibliography Liu, Xun. Daoist Modern: Innovation, Lay Practice, and the Community of Inner Alchemy in Republican Shanghai. Cambridge: H arvard University Asia Centre, 2009. Footnotes 1 Xun Liu, Daoist Modern: Innovation, Lay Practice, and the Community of Inner Alchemy in Republican Shanghai (Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Centre, 2009), 35. 2Xun Liu, Daoist Modern: Innovation, Lay Practice, and the Community of Inner Alchemy in Republican Shanghai (Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Centre, 2009), 35. 3 Xun Liu, Daoist Modern: Innovation, Lay Practice, and the Community of Inner Alchemy in Republican Shanghai (Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Centre, 2009), 35.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The Growth of Daoism in During Late Qing Dynasty specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More 4Xun Liu, Daoist Modern: Innovation, Lay Practice, and the Community of Inner Alchemy in Republican Shanghai (Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Centre, 2009), 35. 5 Xun Liu, Daoist Modern: Innovation, Lay Practice, and the Community of Inner Alchemy in Republican Shanghai (Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Centre, 2009), 34. 6Xun Liu, Daoist Modern: Innovation, Lay Practice, and the Community of Inner Alchemy in Republican Shanghai (Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Centre, 2009), 34. 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